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Originality of Science and the Issue of Plagiarism. Three Contribution by E. Rádl from the years 1902-1911 on Language Issues in Science
Hermann, Tomáš
Subject of the contribution includes selected publicistical and polemical outputs of biologist and philosopher Emanuel Rádl (1873-1942) from two decades before the First World War, which touch upon the issues of national language in science: 1. In a small replica from 1902, R. Fick, a professor from Leipzig, was interested in the general issue of the meaning of science being accomplished in the national languages of small nations. 2. In a longer, idependent essay from 1910 on the nature of Czech natural sciences, Rádl reacted to the general accusation that Czech science lacked originality and plagiarized the German model. 3. At the same time, Rádl himself headed directly into the heart of the Czech scientific community, accusing his colleague, botanist K. Domin, of plagiarism. The following furious controversy affected a part of the natural sciences community. The biographical circumstances related to one individual show one type deliberation of the time on the language issue in science.
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Ecclesia universalis versus Ecclesia nationalis. The Path to the Division of the Prague Theological Faculty in 1891
Kunštát, Miroslav
Contribution describes the path leading 10 years after the partition of the University of Prague (1882) also to the division of the still existing bi-nazional Catholic Theological Faculty in 1891. The division came after nearly a decade of stormy discussions in the Church and Society which revealed that the Church was by no means immune to the impact of modern secularism, liberalism, socialism and of the Czech and German national movements. The author's attention is especially devoted to the opinions of the professor of Moral Theology and later the Prague's auxiliary Bishop Wenzel Frind (1843-1932).
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Czech Societies of Exact Sciences in the 19th Century
Jindra, Jiří
Account of Czech scientific societies operating in the Czech Lands since the 19th century is presented. In mathematics, physics and astronomy there was the Union of Czech Mathematicians with the students' Club for Free Lectures in Mathematics and Physics as its predecessor. The chemists were organized in the Club of Czech Chemists with the students' Club for Natural Sciences "ISIS" as its predecessor. All other scientific branches flourished under the Club of Natural Scientists. The Union of Czech Mathematicians and Physicists and Czech Chemical Society are two contemporary societies with an uninterrupted activity.
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